E-Commerce 3.0: Beyond Alibaba and JD, New Players Reshape Online Retail

How Pinduoduo, Douyin, and Shein are redefining China’s digital marketplace. China’s e-commerce landscape has entered a new phase in 2025. For years, Alibaba’s Taobao and Tmall, alongside JD.com, dominated online retail. But a new generation of platforms, Pinduoduo, Douyin, and Shein, are disrupting